Coconut shells (state: s)

Material type: Other Residue

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20981.9	20981.9	20981.9
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	20188.3	20188.3	20188.3
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20395.8	20395.8	20395.8
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	20167.5	20170.6	20173.7
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18756.3	18761.7	18767.1
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	20158.7	20163.8	20168.9
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	18111.0	18116.2	18121.5

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	73.80
FC	23.00
A	3.20

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	73.80
FC	23.00
A	3.20

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.20
C	49.46
O	41.72
H	5.42
N	0.10
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.20
C	49.49
O	41.69
H	5.42
N	0.10
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	19282.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)