Almond hulls (state: s)

Material type: Other Residue

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20744.3	20744.3	20744.3
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19933.8	19933.8	19933.8
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20143.1	20143.1	20143.1
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	20108.2	20108.7	20109.2
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	19074.5	19078.9	19083.2
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	20238.2	20240.8	20243.4
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	18484.6	18488.2	18491.7

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	73.80
FC	20.10
A	6.10

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	73.80
FC	20.10
A	6.10

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	6.10
C	47.52
O	39.16
H	6.01
N	1.13
S	0.07
Cl	0.02

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	6.10
C	47.51
O	39.21
H	6.01
N	1.10
S	0.07
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	19039.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)