Hazelnut shells (state: s)

Material type: Other Residue

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	21374.1	21374.1	21374.1
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	20608.1	20608.1	20608.1
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20812.8	20812.8	20812.8
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	20495.9	20511.2	20526.5
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	19266.4	19267.8	19269.2
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	20659.0	20672.9	20686.8
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	18610.6	18623.4	18636.2

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	77.10
FC	21.40
A	1.50

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	77.10
FC	21.40
A	1.50

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	1.50
C	50.61
O	40.88
H	5.40
N	1.38
S	0.04
Cl	0.20

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	1.50
C	50.67
O	40.98
H	5.42
N	1.40
S	0.04
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	19683.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)