Almond shells (state: s)

Material type: Other Residue

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	21118.8	21118.8	21118.8
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	20334.8	20334.8	20334.8
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20541.4	20541.4	20541.4
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	20412.1	20413.6	20415.2
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	19213.4	19220.6	19227.8
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	20494.5	20497.5	20500.5
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	18605.2	18608.7	18612.1

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	74.90
FC	21.80
A	3.30

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	74.90
FC	21.80
A	3.30

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.30
C	48.59
O	41.05
H	5.99
N	0.97
S	0.05
Cl	0.06

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.30
C	48.58
O	41.08
H	5.99
N	1.00
S	0.05
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	19422.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)