Wheat straw (state: s)

Material type: Straws

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20042.1	20042.1	20042.1
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19182.1	19182.1	19182.1
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	19396.3	19396.3	19396.3
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19194.1	19249.3	19304.6
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	17879.1	17899.9	17920.7
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19050.5	19106.5	19162.6
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17231.5	17284.4	17337.4

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	74.80
FC	18.10
A	7.10

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	74.80
FC	18.10
A	7.10

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	7.10
C	45.63
O	40.27
H	5.63
N	0.65
S	0.16
Cl	0.56

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	7.10
C	45.89
O	40.49
H	5.67
N	0.70
S	0.16
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18321.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)