Switchgrass (state: s)

Material type: Grasses

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20528.1	20528.1	20528.1
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19702.4	19702.4	19702.4
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	19913.2	19913.2	19913.2
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19784.0	19789.1	19794.2
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18437.6	18438.2	18438.9
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19710.9	19716.4	19721.9
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17829.7	17835.0	17840.3

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	80.40
FC	14.50
A	5.10

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	80.40
FC	14.50
A	5.10

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.10
C	47.12
O	41.15
H	5.78
N	0.66
S	0.10
Cl	0.08

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.10
C	47.16
O	41.16
H	5.78
N	0.70
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18818.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)