Alfalfa straw (state: s)

Material type: Straws

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20662.1	20662.1	20662.1
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19845.9	19845.9	19845.9
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20055.7	20055.7	20055.7
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19901.8	19953.9	20005.9
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18975.6	19003.1	19030.6
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	20091.1	20147.2	20203.2
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	18365.7	18420.0	18474.3

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	78.90
FC	15.80
A	5.30

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	78.90
FC	15.80
A	5.30

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.30
C	47.02
O	38.44
H	5.94
N	2.64
S	0.20
Cl	0.47

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.30
C	47.27
O	38.57
H	5.97
N	2.70
S	0.20
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18955.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)