Beech Bark (state: s)

Material type: Wood

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20338.4	20338.4	20338.4
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19499.3	19499.3	19499.3
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	19711.5	19711.5	19711.5
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19632.3	19641.2	19650.0
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18511.6	18522.6	18533.6
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19703.3	19713.9	19724.5
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17909.6	17919.8	17930.1

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	73.70
FC	18.50
A	7.80

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	73.70
FC	18.50
A	7.80

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	7.80
C	47.39
O	38.54
H	5.53
N	0.65
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	7.80
C	47.44
O	38.53
H	5.53
N	0.60
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18624.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)