Arundo grass (state: s)

Material type: Grasses

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20612.2	20612.2	20612.2
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19792.5	19792.5	19792.5
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	20002.7	20002.7	20002.7
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19816.9	19830.0	19843.0
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18300.6	18302.2	18303.8
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19635.1	19646.2	19657.3
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17681.2	17690.8	17700.5

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	80.20
FC	16.40
A	3.40

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	80.20
FC	16.40
A	3.40

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.40
C	46.94
O	42.89
H	5.88
N	0.58
S	0.13
Cl	0.19

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.40
C	46.99
O	42.99
H	5.89
N	0.60
S	0.13
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18904.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)