Elm bark (state: s)

Material type: Wood

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20027.4	20027.4	20027.4
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19166.4	19166.4	19166.4
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	19380.7	19380.7	19380.7
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19258.5	19259.6	19260.8
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	17974.1	17974.9	17975.6
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19211.8	19211.9	19212.1
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17376.3	17377.6	17378.9

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	73.10
FC	18.80
A	8.10

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	73.10
FC	18.80
A	8.10

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	8.10
C	46.77
O	39.05
H	5.33
N	0.64
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	8.10
C	46.78
O	39.09
H	5.33
N	0.60
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18306.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)