Spruce wood (state: s)

Material type: Wood

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	22199.5	22199.5	22199.5
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	21491.8	21491.8	21491.8
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	21690.6	21690.6	21690.6
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	21549.1	21550.4	21551.7
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	20587.8	20591.0	20594.2
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	21905.7	21908.2	21910.7
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	19920.6	19923.1	19925.6

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	81.20
FC	18.30
A	0.50

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	81.20
FC	18.30
A	0.50

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	0.50
C	52.03
O	40.99
H	6.07
N	0.30
S	0.10
Cl	0.01

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	0.50
C	52.02
O	41.01
H	6.07
N	0.30
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	20527.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)