Rice straw (state: s)

Material type: Straws

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	17293.9	17293.9	17293.9
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	16240.0	16240.0	16240.0
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	16473.9	16473.9	16473.9
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	16392.0	16435.4	16478.9
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	15097.3	15108.6	15120.0
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	15996.8	16038.2	16079.5
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	14538.0	14575.3	14612.5

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	64.30
FC	15.60
A	20.10

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	64.30
FC	15.60
A	20.10

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	20.10
C	39.81
O	34.17
H	4.53
N	0.79
S	0.13
Cl	0.46

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	20.10
C	40.01
O	34.40
H	4.56
N	0.80
S	0.13
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	15511.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)