Spruce bark (state: s)

Material type: Wood

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	22029.4	22029.4	22029.4
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	21309.6	21309.6	21309.6
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	21509.6	21509.6	21509.6
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	21437.5	21442.5	21447.5
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	20708.0	20712.7	20717.4
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	21915.4	21921.8	21928.1
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	20037.4	20043.6	20049.9

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	73.40
FC	23.40
A	3.20

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	73.40
FC	23.40
A	3.20

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.20
C	51.87
O	38.71
H	6.00
N	0.10
S	0.10
Cl	0.03

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	3.20
C	51.90
O	38.70
H	6.00
N	0.10
S	0.10
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	20353.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)