Cardboard (state: s)

Material type: Paper

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	18459.7	19210.8	19961.9
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	17488.0	18292.1	19096.2
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	17713.6	18512.3	19311.1
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	18083.6	18395.6	18707.6
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	15769.6	16437.9	17106.2
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	17331.6	17834.3	18337.1
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	15194.6	15858.6	16522.5

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	79.82
FC	11.90
A	8.28

Reference: (Zhou, et al., 2014)

Component	Wt %
VM	81.75
FC	12.97
A	5.27

Reference: (Eboh, et al., 2016)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	8.28
C	43.83
O	41.58
H	5.70
N	0.26
S	0.22
Cl	0.14

Reference: (Zhou, et al., 2014)

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.27
C	43.66
O	45.49
H	5.08
N	0.30
S	0.20
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Eboh, et al., 2016)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	16703.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Zhou, et al., 2014)

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18239.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Eboh, et al., 2016)