Barley straw (state: s)

Material type: Straws

Exergy values

Method	Minimum / kJ/kg	Mean / kJ/kg	Maximum / kJ/kg
heating values: Huang et al (2016) HHV	20466.5	20466.5	20466.5
heating values: Song et al (2012) HHV	19636.5	19636.5	19636.5
heating values: Zhang et al (2016) HHV	19847.7	19847.7	19847.7
ultimate: Hongliang et al (2017)	19703.2	19725.3	19747.4
ultimate: Shieh & Fan (1982)	18374.3	18380.1	18385.8
ultimate: Song et al (2012)	19609.5	19631.5	19653.6
ultimate: Stepanov (1995)	17751.9	17772.3	17792.8

Composition

No substance composition data.

Proximate analysis

Component	Wt %
VM	76.20
FC	18.50
A	5.30

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
VM	76.20
FC	18.50
A	5.30

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Ultimate analysis

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.30
C	46.64
O	41.17
H	5.85
N	0.66
S	0.12
Cl	0.25

Reference: (Vassilev, et al., 2010)

Component	Wt %
Ash	5.30
C	46.76
O	41.26
H	5.86
N	0.70
S	0.12
Cl	0.00

Reference: (Song, et al., 2011)

Heating values

Heating value	kJ/kg
HHV	18755.0
LHV	None

Reference: (Song, et al., 2012)